Key Points

  • DMAIC is a methodology aimed at problem-solving and process improvement.
  • It is one of the most useful tools at your disposal in Six Sigma.
  • You can add additional methodologies after you’ve established the DMAIC pipeline in your process improvement.

The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology can be thought of as a roadmap for problem-solving and product/process improvement.

Most companies begin implementing Six Sigma using the DMAIC methodology and later add the DFSS (Design for Six Sigma, also known as DMADV or IDDOV) methodologies when the organizational culture and experience level permits. You can read the main differences between DMAIC and DMADV, but we’ll focus on the DMAIC in this article.

Six Sigma DMAIC Roadmap

While the DMAIC methodology presented above in the graphic and below in the listing may appear linear and explicitly defined, it should be noted that an iterative approach may be necessary – especially for Black Belts and Green Belts that are new to the tools and techniques that make up DMAIC. For instance, you may find that upon analyzing your data (Analyze phase) you did not gather enough data to isolate the root cause of the problem. At this point, you may iterate back to the Measure phase.

Sticking to the Plan

So, why follow our DMAIC roadmap? If your organization is new to integrating Six Sigma, there likely isn’t the necessary infrastructure to focus on the right sort of process improvement. However, by following our roadmap and utilizing the tools given, you’re on the fast track for success.

The Roadmap

In addition, prior knowledge of the tools and techniques is necessary in determining which tools are useful in each phase. Remember, the appropriate application of tools becomes more critical for effectiveness than correctness, and you don’t need to use all the tools all the time.

DMAIC Phase Steps Tools Used
D – Define Phase: Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables.


  • Define Customers and Requirements (CTQs)

  • Develop Problem Statement, Goals, and Benefits

  • Identify Champion, Process Owner, and Team

  • Define Resources

  • Evaluate Key Organizational Support

  • Develop Project Plan and Milestones

  • Develop High-Level Process Map
Define Tollgate Review
M – Measure Phase: Measure the process to determine current performance; quantify the problem.


  • Define Defect, Opportunity, Unit and Metrics

  • Detailed Process Map of Appropriate Areas

  • Develop a Data Collection Plan

  • Validate the Measurement System

  • Collect the Data

  • Begin Developing Y=f(x) Relationship

  • Determine Process Capability and Sigma Baseline
Measure Tollgate Review
A – Analyze Phase: Analyze and determine the root cause(s) of the defects.
  • Define Performance Objectives
  • Identify Value/Non-Value Added Process Steps
  • Identify Sources of Variation
  • Determine Root Cause(s)
  • Determine Vital Few x’s, Y=f(x) Relationship
Analyze Tollgate Review
I – Improve Phase: Improve the process by eliminating defects.
  • Perform Design of Experiments
  • Develop Potential Solutions
  • Define Operating Tolerances of Potential System
  • Assess Failure Modes of Potential Solutions
  • Validate Potential Improvement by Pilot Studies
  • Correct/Re-Evaluate Potential Solution
Improve Tollgate Review
C – Control Phase: Control future process performance.
  • Define and Validate Monitoring and Control System
  • Develop Standards and Procedures
  • Implement Statistical Process Control
  • Determine Process Capability
  • Develop Transfer Plan, Handoff to Process Owner
  • Verify Benefits, Cost Savings/Avoidance, Profit Growth
  • Close Project, Finalize Documentation
  • Communicate to Business, Celebrate
Control Tollgate Review

As you can see, the power of the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology lies in the structure and the rigor. Of the hundreds of TQM tools that have been developed over the years, the most important ones (described above) are taught in detail by consultants to Black Belts and Master Black Belts.

Other Useful Tools and Concepts

Ready for a bit more? So, we’ve covered the ins and outs of DMAIC, but what about how it compares to the likes of PDCA? Our exhaustive guide covers both approaches as well as where to use each when you’re looking to get your production back on track.

Further, understanding what Six Sigma means in a variety of contexts can be quite useful. This isn’t just a methodology after all, but something far more comprehensive.

About the Author

Liam Frady

Liam was first introduced to Six Sigma when entering into the tech industry. With experience in project management, team leading, network security, and network architecture, he understands just how important the methodology is when applied to any industry. Since leaving the tech sector, Liam has pivoted to putting this experience to good use, writing for businesses and consumers alike.